Individual Project Unit 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Individual Project Unit 4 - Essay Example This creates a situation where a silent partner begins exerting their pressure on the company leadership (in this case a friend or family member) which can jeopardize future relations or future lending opportunities. Oftentimes, as well, because friendship and family relationships are usually quite informal, the receiver of the start-up funds will neglect to put any formal agreement into contract form. When this occurs, if conflict arises about the progress of the business, disappointment and mutual anger can occur, which could often cause internal conflict which is apparent to the customers, diminishing profitability when sales decline. Having identified the risk of relationship funding, it is important to identify other sources of financing in order to prevent damaging long-term camaraderie with the acquaintance lender. As such, the business had identified one possible option as a term loan, which is provided by a banking institution. Term loans involve a specific amount of money, usually loaned at a term of five to 10 years, based on projections of future profitability (Longenecker et al). Though this is probably one of the most stable methods of borrowing money, there are potential risks to the receiver of the funds. For instance, a business that takes out a term loan must have a competent method of forecasting cash inflows and matching future periods of revenue to meet the loans repayment terms. A business which does not plan accordingly will experience a cash flow crisis, potentially harming the future operating potential of the business. Another type of financing option is asset-based lending, which involves receiving a line of credit (usually from a bank) which is based on asset value (GE Capital, 1999). For instance, assume that the company maintains regular payment in accounts receivable or maintains inventory which, when resold, can be liquidated for

Favorite Brand Paper Essay Example for Free

Favorite Brand Paper Essay Within this paper the reader will read about 3 to 4 companies the author would like to work for with detailed explanations as to why. Furthermore, the reader will learn ways of engaging those companies in the most effective manner in communication that guarantees the author’s acceptance of those position(s), and what makes the author potentially valuable to those companies. In short, YOU the reader will learn the, who, what, and why of piecing a proposal (an elevator pitch) together while keeping it short and simple. The elevator pitch that will be used depends on what position you would like to expose oneself to within/for the organization. For now, let us check out potential companies the author envisions himself working for. Then we can look a few elevator pitches that will guarantee the authors acceptance. Ideal Company(s) to Work For/With One of the author’s ideal company(s) to work with would be in the area of market advertising. Reason being is that the author has a sincere belief that influence plays a major role in economic growth and development if not the opposite depending on what is being promoted. So the ideal company would be a company called LGA (http://lgaadv.com/). Another interest is management for a company therefore, the ideal company the author would like to work with is Integrated Management Associates (http://www.ima-pm.com/) who specializes in developing leadership skills from self capture-to-company capture perspectives. Finally, trading/negotiating is another interest the author admires. So sales would be an ideal career and likes Wal-Mart (http://www.walmart.com/). Does He Got What It Takes The author has somewhat an experience related background in those fields. For an example: The author as a young man handled voluminous orders and door-to-door sales for a direct marketing company (he wishes to not mention the name). His aggressive persistence and way with words ushered him straight to the top. Moreover, his desire to work with others in his interest in trading (in which he was exceptional at) gave a desire to work with like minded individuals- so obtaining a degree in the services of Management enabled the author to learn skills in communication, observation, integration, coordinating, and specialization. Although the author doesn’t remember what was said that placed him in positions of power in recent years, but since developed, let us look at his elevator pitch in obtaining a career of his dreams on a macro-level. To get a bit more creative, he would choose to be President of THE UNITED STATES of AMERICA. An Elevator Pitch The elevator pitch that will be used to explain the author’s value to those companies is as expressed below for the local companies and the position for a seat as president also. The pitch is as so: Hello, my name is Brandon White, also known as BWU. I will be obtaining a degree in business management with a concentration in management and have recently graduated from the University of Phoenix. I am looking to add value to your company/constituents with learned skills I have developed over decades. I recently written an article revealing the phenomena. Can I invite you to my summit to elicit your inquires? The pitch, does it sound as if it is coming from someone who wants to simply work and stay at the bottom of the totem poll? The author certainly doesn’t think so, however, the pitch does reveal a drive to reveal something that is only possessed by the deliverer. The author basically states that developing a pitch that entails/projects confidence, influence, and room t o give the listener room to ask questions wins if responses are in harmony with the observer’s question(s). Best Ways to Make Contact According to the author, best ways to make contact would be in the most effective form of communication- writing. He writes that because the communication would be void of all emotions as oppose to speaking over a telephone or in person and listening to reactions stemming from emotions. And the same would be applied for those needed to contact that may have influence in the hiring process. Granted, the author isn’t saying create something so influencing that doors will be opened for you, but injecting different levels of communication for different levels of positions. For example, if you wanted to land a gig working within a company your communication would reflect an ability to work well with others, being able to follow directions, and having some form of dependability. However, if you wanted to land a gig running a company, one must know how to nurture that company to the point all the above answers for working that company would be included while being able to communicate and execute those  actions.

Essays --

This essay will assess research into the impact of globalization on inflation and discuss whether it has weekend the ability of central banks to control the dynamics of inflation. The ability of central banks to control the rates of inflation may be substantially complicated by the increased globalization of the goods markets, factor markets and the financial markets (Woodford, 2007). The ability of national banks to influence the dynamics of inflation through monetary policy may be undermined by globalization. The central bank’s primary goal is to maintain price stability by regulating the level of inflation through monetary policy. Globalization increases trade both within and across countries (Schwerhoff & Sy, 2013). Through communicating their policy intentions regarding the future short-term interest rates, central banks can affect also the current longer-term rates (Tang, 2011). The new consensus (DSGE) Model incorporates four components, the output gap equation, the Phillip’s curve, the exchange rate equation and the Policy Rule (Woodford, 2007). The policy rule incorporates the Taylor rule which stipulates the amount a central bank should change the nominal interest rates in response to changes in inflation, output or other economic conditions. It also incorporates the idea of the inconsistent trinity, (sovereign monetary policy, fixed exchange rate and free capital flow) where only two of these can be possible at any given time. The impact of globalization on the effectiveness of monetary policy is now at the center of international macroeconomics literature with the recent experience of inflation accelerating the large number of industrial and emerging market countries (Ãâ€"zatay & Ãâ€"zmen, 2008). They support the idea tha... ...lely on their domestic economy (The Economist, 2005). Even though this may suggest that globalization has been able to combat the nature of inflation mistakes by central banks could allow it to break out again. (The Economist, 2005). This is partly due to the fact that a number of central banks make their decisions based on the actions of other central banks such as the Federal Reserve in the US (Rogoff, 2006). An example of this would be with number of Asian and oil producing countries will stabilize their currencies against the US dollar, which implies that the policies enacted by the Fed can still have an impact on global interest rates. (Fisher, 2006) Suggests that central banks should be conditioned on changes in foreign potential output and questions why, for instance, the output gap is calculated without taking into account the Chinese and Indian economies.

Eastern Gear

1. What are the major problems being faced by Eastern Gear? The major problem’s Eastern Gear is facing is that they are accepting large orders to help pay their overhead, also, their sales group is not part of the business, there is no link between them and manufacturing. Their order entry is inefficient; the tolerance on products is not firm. The layout of their shop is set up to make mistakes and increased lead time has resulted in the need for an expeditor. Lastly, they are hiring too many employees for the company’s needs. 2. What action should Rhodes take to solve his problems? First, Rhodes needs to stop accepting large orders at discounted prices to help cover overhead, doing this will not cover overhead and should only be done if the company is facing bankruptcy. Accepting the large orders causes some of the small orders to wait for processing and in-turn, are late. Also, the sales group is not part of the business, there is no direct link between them and manufacturing. Therefore, no one is paying attention to the order size. This needs to be corrected by putting a direct line of communication between sales and manufacturing. Second, the order entry system needs to be more efficient. A customer is able to request a change in design after the order has already been placed, it may be necessary to stop production on these orders and wait for the new raw materials or for the new design to be clarified. They do not have a process that charges back the variance on these orders; they need to input a system where if the customer wants a design change, they have to pay for it. Also, the customer’s prints submitted with the order do not always contain the tolerances required during machining. This is a discipline issue within the organization that needs to be eliminated; the customer must sign off on the tolerances before the order begins processing. Third, Eastern Gear needs to change the layout of the shop. Lead time has recently increased from 2 to 4 weeks, which made it necessary to hire an expeditor, there is a concerning amount of bottlenecks in the production process and inspection of the products is not done until the order is completed. The shop is set up to make production errors and ship unfinished product. The tools need to be central and equipment should not be set up by type but placed in proper sequence so that the product moves sequentially from the beginning of production to the end, and quality checks and inspection should be incorporated in the production process. Also, Eastern Gear needs to change their order fulfilment approach from made-to-order to made-to-stock. Changing the layout of the shop and order fulfilment approach will help reduce bottlenecks and lead time as well as eliminate the need for an expeditor. Lastly, Eastern Gear has a workforce of 50 people and is managed using a family- type approach. They have hired 10 new employees within the last quarter. The typical order spends 90% of the time waiting for a machine to become available, and only 10% of the time is actually spent processing the order, they should not hire more employees. 3. How can this case be related to operations strategy and process design concepts? This case related to operations strategy and process design concepts because having a good operations strategy and process design are key to running a successful manufacturing company. As witnessed in this case, the operations strategy and the process design need adjustments in order to be successful. Eastern Gear 1. What are the major problems being faced by Eastern Gear? The major problem’s Eastern Gear is facing is that they are accepting large orders to help pay their overhead, also, their sales group is not part of the business, there is no link between them and manufacturing. Their order entry is inefficient; the tolerance on products is not firm. The layout of their shop is set up to make mistakes and increased lead time has resulted in the need for an expeditor. Lastly, they are hiring too many employees for the company’s needs. 2. What action should Rhodes take to solve his problems? First, Rhodes needs to stop accepting large orders at discounted prices to help cover overhead, doing this will not cover overhead and should only be done if the company is facing bankruptcy. Accepting the large orders causes some of the small orders to wait for processing and in-turn, are late. Also, the sales group is not part of the business, there is no direct link between them and manufacturing. Therefore, no one is paying attention to the order size. This needs to be corrected by putting a direct line of communication between sales and manufacturing. Second, the order entry system needs to be more efficient. A customer is able to request a change in design after the order has already been placed, it may be necessary to stop production on these orders and wait for the new raw materials or for the new design to be clarified. They do not have a process that charges back the variance on these orders; they need to input a system where if the customer wants a design change, they have to pay for it. Also, the customer’s prints submitted with the order do not always contain the tolerances required during machining. This is a discipline issue within the organization that needs to be eliminated; the customer must sign off on the tolerances before the order begins processing. Third, Eastern Gear needs to change the layout of the shop. Lead time has recently increased from 2 to 4 weeks, which made it necessary to hire an expeditor, there is a concerning amount of bottlenecks in the production process and inspection of the products is not done until the order is completed. The shop is set up to make production errors and ship unfinished product. The tools need to be central and equipment should not be set up by type but placed in proper sequence so that the product moves sequentially from the beginning of production to the end, and quality checks and inspection should be incorporated in the production process. Also, Eastern Gear needs to change their order fulfilment approach from made-to-order to made-to-stock. Changing the layout of the shop and order fulfilment approach will help reduce bottlenecks and lead time as well as eliminate the need for an expeditor. Lastly, Eastern Gear has a workforce of 50 people and is managed using a family- type approach. They have hired 10 new employees within the last quarter. The typical order spends 90% of the time waiting for a machine to become available, and only 10% of the time is actually spent processing the order, they should not hire more employees. 3. How can this case be related to operations strategy and process design concepts? This case related to operations strategy and process design concepts because having a good operations strategy and process design are key to running a successful manufacturing company. As witnessed in this case, the operations strategy and the process design need adjustments in order to be successful.

Assignment 302

Assignment 302 Candidates name†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Principles of personal development in adult social care settings Assignment composition Assignment overview In this assignment, you will look at the importance of reflective practice in adult social care. You will explore how reflective practice can improve your development and practice and contribute to the quality of service provision You will also look at the process of planning development, and the importance of feedback and reflect on how your values, belief systems may affect your practice.Tasks There are three tasks to this assignment. A Guidance B Personal development plan (PDP) C Reflecting on learning experiences Task Evidence Learning outcomes covered Task A Guidance 1. 1, 1. 2, 1. 3, 2. 1, 2. 2, 2. 3 Task B Personal development plan (PDP) 3. 1, 3. 2, 3. 3, 3. 4 Task C Reflecting on learning experiences 1. 4 Assignment mark sheet Candidate name†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Candidate number†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Centre name†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Holistic Community Support Training†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Centre number†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 09368†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Task Evidence Results A Guidance Passed Y/N B Personal development plan (PDP) Passed Y/N C Reflecting on learning experiences Passed Y/N I can confirm that the evidence listed for this unit is my own work and was carried out under the conditions and context specified in the assessment specification. Candidate signature DateI confirm that the candidate has achieved all the requirements of this unit with the evidence listed and the assessment was conducted under the specified conditions and context, and is valid, authentic, reliable, current and sufficient. Tutor / assessor signature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Date†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. External verifier signature (where applicable) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Date†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Tasks Task A Guidance (A)Explain 8 core aspects of your job descriptionIdentify 4 different legislations which underpins the way you are expected to carry out your job and describe how you have performed in accordance to t hose standards 1. 1, 1. 2, 3. 1 You are going to be a mentor for a new social care worker as part of their induction process. Part of your role is to help them prepare for the review after their probation period. Ai Create a guide for the new social care worker about how to reflect on their practice. The guide must include the headings listed with an explanation of each. a) What is reflective practice? b) Why is reflective practice important? ) Give example of how reflective practice has contributed to improving the quality of your service provision. d) How standards can be used to help a social care worker reflect on their practice. 5. 1, 5. 2, 2. 1, 2. 2 Aii You arrange a mentor meeting to feed back to the social care worker. You have comments to make which include both praise and constructive criticism. Write notes to prepare for your meeting. In your notes, explain: a) Why it is important for a social care worker to seek feedback on performance. b) The different ways that people may react to receiving constructive feedback. ) Why it is important for a social care worker to use the feedback to improve their practice. 3. 2, 4. 1, (d) Give example of feedbacks you have received and how you have used it to improve your practice Aiiiidentify one national inquiry into serious failures to protect individuals from abuse. Describe the incident and explain how the recommendations from the inquiry report have changed or improved the way your organisation work Task B Personal development plan (PDP) Bi Design a template for a personal development plan (PDP) that you could use to improve your learning, development and professional practice.For each heading in the template, provide a brief summary describing what should be included. 4. 1 Bii (a) Explain how a PDP can help a social care worker identify improvements in their knowledge, understanding and practice. 5. 1, 5. 3, (b) Give example of how a plan has helped you develop or improve __________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ BiiiIdentify sources of support for planning and reviewing your development. Explain how this has been beneficial to you 4. 1, 4. 2, 4. 3 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Biv Identify people who can help you develop your knowledge, understanding and practice. Give example of how and when this occured ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Bv Explain how the people identified above can help you appreciate your strengths and areas for development. 4. 1, 4. 2, 4. 3 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Laptop vs. Freewrite An Infographic - Freewrite Store

Laptop vs. Freewrite An Infographic - Freewrite Store I want to run a quick experiment with you. Grab your laptop, open up a new Word document, and see how long you can write before you get interrupted by some sort of notification on your phone or computer. How long did you make it? I got through a whole 2 minutes before I saw the 'new email' notification pop up on my computer. Naturally, I figured that this email was of grave importance, so I stopped what I was writing mid-sentence and checked it. It turned out to be an advertisement for car insurance. That made me curious about what I was currently paying for car insurance, so I logged into my account to check my policy. Long story short, I ended up going down a crazy internet rabbit hole, and after about 20 minutes, I somehow found myself reading an article about what type of lizard the GEICO lizard is. By the time I finally got back to my document, my train of thought had long since departed.  Ã‚   While technology has made amazing strides in global connectivity and communication, it also has costs. Modern devices like laptops and smartphones are designed to be ‘jack-of-all-trades’ tools that can be used to do almost anything you want - but as we just saw, the simple task of writing uninterrupted for more than 5 minutes straight is a struggle. We've designed the perfect solution to counter this problem: The Freewrite Smart Typewriter. Unlike laptops or phones, we've specifically designed the Freewrite to be exceptional at one thing, and one thing only: writing. Check out how laptops stack up to Freewrite in a head to head match up:

Critical Note Example

Critical Note Example Critical Note – Case Study Example Critical Critical The role of leader as a teacher does not merely start with the identification of mental models but it involves a more comprehensive assessment of the individual’s strengths and weaknesses for a better understanding of his or her capacity. Mental models are deeply established in the people’s minds as they are mostly silently accepted by the people. Leaders by showing the people the new possibilities and outcomes to different aspects create illusions in the mind of the general public. They can do this easily by creating mind models in the general public’s minds. They do this by acting as mentors and guides showing and helping the people to reorganize their perspectives and opinions of the truth and the reality. The leaders show the people the things beyond the existing situations and incidents into the essentials of the bases of the complications and consequently to perceive the new chances and probabilities for creating and producing the future. In short, they create illusions (Lipman-Blumen, 2005). The leaders affect and impact the people to see the truth different or as according to what they want. The people easily accept the illusions and start living the fantasy that is being provided and shown to them. Many leaders focus on being generative that is to show the people that what changes they can bring and also instruct their parties and the organizations to do the same as this how they affect the people by using big smart and carefully selected words to put the people into the fantasy while very few originally make those fantasies come true. ReferencesLipman-Blumen, Jean. Toxic Leadership: When Grand Illusions Masquerade As Noble Visions. Leader to Leader  2005.36 (2005): 2936. Print.

Personal Pronouns in Japanese

Personal Pronouns in Japanese A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun. In English, examples of pronouns include I, they, who, it, this, none and so on. Pronouns perform a variety of grammatical functions and are thus heavily used is most languages. There are many subtypes of pronouns such as  personal pronouns,  reflexive  pronouns,  possessive pronouns,  demonstrative pronouns, and more. Japanese vs English Pronoun Usage The use of Japanese personal pronouns is quite different from English. They are not used as often as their English counterparts, though there are a variety of pronouns in Japanese depending on the gender or the style of speech. If the context is clear, the Japanese prefer not to use the personal pronouns. It is important to learn how to use them, but also important to understand how not to use them. Unlike English, there is no strict rule to have a grammatical subject in a sentence. How to Say I Here are the different ways one can say I depending on the situation and to whom one is speaking to, whether it be a superior or a close friend. watakushi ã‚ Ã£ Å¸Ã£  Ã£ â€" - very formalwatashi ã‚ Ã£ Å¸Ã£ â€" - formalboku (male) Ã¥Æ'•, atashi (female) 㠁‚㠁Ÿã â€" - informalore (male) ä ¿ º - very informal How to Say You The following are the different ways of saying you depending on the circumstances. otaku 㠁Šã Å¸Ã£   - very formalanata 㠁‚㠁 ªÃ£ Å¸ - formalkimi (male) Ã¥ â€º - informalomae (male) 㠁Šå‰ , anta 㠁‚ん㠁Ÿ- very informal Japanese Personal Pronoun Usage Among these pronouns, watashi and anata are the most common. However, as mentioned above, they are often omitted in conversation. When addressing your superior, anata is not appropriate and should be avoided. Use the persons name instead. Anata is also used by wives when they address their husbands. Omae is sometimes used by husbands when addressing their wives, though it sounds a little bit old-fashioned. Third Person Pronouns The pronouns for the third person are kare (he) or kanojo (she). Rather than using these words, it is preferred to use the persons name or describe them as ano hito (that person). It is not necessary to include gender. Here are some sentence examples: Kyou Jon ni aimashita.ä »Å Ã¦â€" ¥Ã£â€š ¸Ã£Æ' §Ã£Æ' ³Ã£  «Ã¤ ¼Å¡Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¾Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿã€‚I saw him (John) today.Ano hito o shitte imasu ka.㠁‚㠁 ®Ã¤ º ºÃ£â€šâ€™Ã§Å¸ ¥Ã£  £Ã£  ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹Do you know her? Additionally, kare or kanojo often means a boyfriend or a girlfriend. Here are the terms used in a sentence: Kare ga imasu ka.Ã¥ ½ ¼Ã£ Å'㠁„㠁 ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹Do you have a boyfriend?Watashi no kanojo wa kangofu desu.ç § Ã£  ®Ã¥ ½ ¼Ã¥ ¥ ³Ã£  ¯Ã§Å"‹è ­ ·Ã¥ © ¦Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢My girlfriend is a nurse. Plural Personal Pronouns To make plurals, a suffix ~ tachi (é â€) is added like watashi-tachi (we) or anata-tachi (you plural). The suffix ~ tachi can be added to not only pronouns but to some other nouns referring to people. For example, kodomo-tachi (Ã¥ ­ Ã¤ ¾â€ºÃ© â€) means children. For the word anata, the suffix ~ gata (æâ€" ¹) is used sometimes to make it plural instead of using ~ tachi. Anata-gata (㠁‚㠁 ªÃ£ Å¸Ã¦â€" ¹) is more formal than anata-tachi. The suffix ~ ra (ら) is also used for kare, such as karera (they).

Operational Auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Operational Auditing - Essay Example An operational audit is a review of any part of an organization's operating procedures and methods for the purpose of evaluating efficiency and effectiveness. At the completion of an operational audit, management normally expects recommendations for improving operations. An example of an operational audit is evaluating the efficiency and accuracy of processing payroll transactions in a newly installed computer system. Another example, where most accountants would feel less qualified, is evaluating the efficiency, accuracy, and customer satisfaction in processing the distribution of letters and packages by a company such as federal express. Because of the many different areas in which operational effectiveness can be evaluated, it is impossible to characterize the conduct of a typical operational audit. In one organization, the auditor might evaluate the relevancy and sufficiency of the information flow in processing sales. In operational auditing, the reviews are not limited to accounting. They can include the evaluation of organization structure, computer operations, production methods, marketing, and any other area in which the auditor qualified.1 The conduct of an operational audit and the reported results are less easily defined than for either of the other two types of audit.effeciency and effectivene... In addition, establishing criteria for evaluating the information in an operational audit is an extremely subjective matter. In this sense, operational auditing is more like management consulting than what is generally regarded as auditing. Operational Auditing is a non-financial audit that involves a systematic process of evaluating an organization's (or part of an organization's) effectiveness, efficiency, and economy of operations under management's control, and reporting to appropriate persons the results of the evaluation along with recommendations for improvement. Operational auditing focuses on management goals, initiatives and strategic plans to generate innovative solutions for the challenges that face the units and their managers. The process verifies the existence and effectiveness of management controls that are meant to ensure that the unit meets its operating objectives. The scope of the audit is expanded beyond the verification of financial controls or compliance with policies. Operational auditing looks for the existence of management controls (such as leadership, employee empowerment, teamwork, risk assessment, information, communication, resource allocation, productivity measurement, etc.) that support the financial controls in attaining goals set by the units. Desired results of operational audits include discovering innovative solutions, promoting creativity and new ideas, and recommending operational improvements. Effectiveness: Before an operational audit for effectiveness can be performed, there must be specific criteria for what is meant by effectiveness. Effectiveness is the degree to which the organization's objectives are accomplished. An example of an

Civil rights Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Civil rights - Term Paper Example You get an ensurity to get involve in political and civil life. These civil rights are made for safety and ensuring the physical integrity of the person like. Beside all these facts these rights protects you from many discriminations like gender, race, nationality, age, speech, mental or physical disability and many more things. By origin civil rights are the major part of global Human Rights. These civil rights are enforceable rights and they are entertained by other people also. This right can be use when you have to take some action against an injury. Some common examples of civil rights are freedom to speech, right to vote, right to equality in public places, press, freedom from involuntary servitude and many more. Example of civil rights: The famous example of civil rights in America is â€Å"civil right act of 1964†. This civil right act was the unique mark of legislation in United States. This act is used to outlaw segregation in schools, employment places and also the public places. This civil right was first conceived to aid African Americans. In this act people also raised their voices to protect women including white people also (George H. Rutland, 2001). Role of FBI agencies in protecting civil rights: A FBI agency is made to do investigation the violation of national law of civil rights. The FBI do his duty seriously because if there is any violation in the civil laws and if any person among us looses any right then the freedom of all of us will be drawn towards danger. Activities of US commissions for enhancing civil rights: US commissions is also doing a regular work on civil rights. The main aim of US commission is to do investigation of complains that are made by people. These complaints are made because many people’s are deprived because of their voting rights on the basis of their race, religion, color, sex, citizenship, age. These complaints are taken by US commissions and then a proper action is taken to solve the problems of a common people. Center of civil rights (CRS): CRC stands for Civil Right Center. This center of civil rights is for the enforcement and administration of different Federal statues, executive orders, regulations which are related to both equal and nondiscrimination opportunities. These three laws based on equal opportunity are: 1. A forbid discrimination based on disability. This law can be specified by different public entities like local and state government. It is also enriched with the programs organized and activated by DOL. 2. A forbid discrimination on different basis of programs and activities. This also receives a financial assistance from DOL or work investment act. 3. The discrimination of forbid employment within the DOL (George H. Rutland, 2001). Benefits of EEOC in civil rights: The civil right of EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission) is very much popular. This civil right holds the responsibility that every employee or job applicant must receive equal employm ent without introducing the thoughts of religion, race, sex, color, age, nationality and disability. According to this civil right discriminating against any employee is also illegal. And if any person faces this situation then he can complaint for this and you can be fined heavily for this or have to face a lawsuit. This is a very strong civil right and because of this right people in America are working equally and are enjoying equal payments. Political book: According to political book of America civil rights are considered as normal rights of human

Creative Exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Creative Exercise - Essay Example Instead, the government will rely on the business license renewals, sales taxes, real estate taxes, and other non-individual tax revenues for its operation. I will lead them into a world where education is of the utmost importance and yet costs the parent very little to spend on. It wont be hard to do this because the child will be home schooled by their parents, using the internet as the basis of their classroom setting. Standardized testing of the child will be done by the Department of Education thus, only the testing fees shall be charged as additional government revenue. The test will be the prerequisite to moving on to the next level of education just as in a regular school. The world that I envision is one where people will not want nor lack for anything because all the taxes collected shall go towards providing with public with as much free services as possible. This will include free medical services with nominal fees charged for major operations and procedures. Mine shall be a world with a government that is down-scaled because only the most necessary government offices shall be in place. Redundancy will not exist because government agencies will know how to multitask in the service of the people. The Utopian world that I shall lead the people to will take them back to the simpler times when people grew their own food and farming was the proud way of life that people used to sustain themselves. It is a world where sharing is the key to survival , not money. Of course I shall lead them towards this type of world and lifestyle to the best of my abilities. Whether I successfully lead them or not will depend upon whether they are willing to make sacrifices in order to achieve the utopian society that I will strive to create for everyone

Global strategy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global strategy - Coursework Example ly sell this product in different markets, it is imperative to understand the cultural factors that shape the behaviour of people so that they can develop a positive interest towards the new product. It is also essential to understand the distribution network in different countries. In this case, the manager will need to identify the distribution channels such as road network as well as location of the warehouses and the stores where the product will be sold. In this case, the new product will be sold in different retail stores especially those that specialize in selling sporting equipment. In different places, I would also establish the most common form of media used and use it for advertising. The internet will also be used to sell the product since it is very popular medium used by many people during the contemporary period. However, in developing countries such as Africa, I will target people using different forms of media for advertising such as television, print as well as the

A Discussion of Macroeconomic Policies used by the USA Government over Essay

A Discussion of Macroeconomic Policies used by the USA Government over the past three years, their impact on the USA Economy and how successful these Policies have been - Essay Example f a real-estate slump and related financial problems, there were predictions that margin squeeze from high energy prices or a dollar shock could be crucial factors tipping US growing economy into a downturn. With the global political situation ever changing, foreign policies fluctuation in split second, the economy has suffered too over the recent years. This paper describes the United States of America’s macroeconomic polices in the recent years and their impact on the people. We shall consider the past three years and look at how the changing economic policies changed business interests and how they impact the overall economic situation of the state. In 2006 U.S economy was still suffering from the effects that the hurricanes such as Katrina had on the U.S. economy and because of their reverberations in 2006. The health of the national economy was facing threat, due to the severe beating that the infrastructure took—most notably the infrastructure for energy. For the preceding year and a half, energy prices had surged worldwide. When the storms hit at the end of August, economic activity had been quite robust for several years, supported by monetary accommodation and strong productivity growth. Real GDP had grown steadily at, or above, its potential or long-run sustainable pace, which is estimated at around three and a quarter percent. This pattern continued even during the third quarter—immediately following the hurricanes—when real GDP grew by just over four percent. In the fourth quarter, growth did drop sharply to about 1 Â ½ percent. However, a good deal of this slowdown appears to have been due to sev eral temporary factors, none of which were related to the hurricanes. In 2006 the US economy was facing a great deal of un-certainty; the economy appears to be approaching a highly desirable glide path. First, real GDP growth currently appears to be quite strong, but there was good reason for it to slow to around its potential rate as the year

Art & science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Art & science - Essay Example The artist for the first time precisely recorded their mathematical observations through their graphical paintings and illustrations, which gave the people a pictorial representation that became the basics for mathematical studies. Nineteenth century has seen major breakthroughs in the domain of natural sciences. One of the fundamental concepts in this field is the survival of animals, which is an elementary unit of living things. On the other hand, it was for the first time in the history of arts that concept of realism came under implementation through the artwork of Audubon’s World (AAU, 2011). Artists (Shlain, Chapter 12) focused on drawing the real life and nature images of animals, specifically, birds; portraying their observations and experiences without making alterations based on their imaginations. Realism also focused on architecture, music, dance, and literature. Man’s insatiable thirst for knowledge has lead to innumerable inventions and discoveries in the twentieth century and is in continuation to date. In particular, light remained a significant notion of attraction during the nineteenth century. In contrast, the scope of art embraced a new form of painting namely Earth art (AAU, 2011). This form of art facilitated the artists to paint down mysteries and different aspects of Mother Nature (Shlain, Chapter 13), as it do not require figures and shapes. Considering the trends of scientific discoveries and artistic creations, it can come under conclusion that next key discovery in the area of science might come from the branch of health sciences in the form of cure for lethal diseases. In the field of arts, the next invention can be in the form of paintings, which can mark an end to the biggest enormity of present time that is terrorism. AAU. â€Å"Outline.† The Art of Science, the Science of Art, 2011. Retrieved on May 21, 2011:

A Discussion of Macroeconomic Policies used by the USA Government over Essay

A Discussion of Macroeconomic Policies used by the USA Government over the past three years, their impact on the USA Economy and how successful these Policies have been - Essay Example f a real-estate slump and related financial problems, there were predictions that margin squeeze from high energy prices or a dollar shock could be crucial factors tipping US growing economy into a downturn. With the global political situation ever changing, foreign policies fluctuation in split second, the economy has suffered too over the recent years. This paper describes the United States of America’s macroeconomic polices in the recent years and their impact on the people. We shall consider the past three years and look at how the changing economic policies changed business interests and how they impact the overall economic situation of the state. In 2006 U.S economy was still suffering from the effects that the hurricanes such as Katrina had on the U.S. economy and because of their reverberations in 2006. The health of the national economy was facing threat, due to the severe beating that the infrastructure took—most notably the infrastructure for energy. For the preceding year and a half, energy prices had surged worldwide. When the storms hit at the end of August, economic activity had been quite robust for several years, supported by monetary accommodation and strong productivity growth. Real GDP had grown steadily at, or above, its potential or long-run sustainable pace, which is estimated at around three and a quarter percent. This pattern continued even during the third quarter—immediately following the hurricanes—when real GDP grew by just over four percent. In the fourth quarter, growth did drop sharply to about 1 Â ½ percent. However, a good deal of this slowdown appears to have been due to sev eral temporary factors, none of which were related to the hurricanes. In 2006 the US economy was facing a great deal of un-certainty; the economy appears to be approaching a highly desirable glide path. First, real GDP growth currently appears to be quite strong, but there was good reason for it to slow to around its potential rate as the year

Education and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Education and Development - Essay Example This paper stresses that UNESCO has also identified three dynamically interrelated factors involved in the relationship between education and development: â€Å"the economic benefits of education; the impact of education on population growth, health, and social well-being; and the relationship between education and democratic society† (UNESCO). These serve as three paths or channels in which education can boost economic development. Nigerian education is said to evolve into a number of stage and formed by quite a number of influences such as the colonial influence, the military rule, the impact of independence and a new constitution. Tgis essay makes a conclusion that many realize that the current development trend may not prove to be sustainable and as such public awareness, education and trainings are crucial in moving towards sustainability. As a deviation to the normal concept of development, sustainable development is deemed as one â€Å"that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs†. With this definition, it is realized that education is the key to sustainability. This crucial role of education to sustainable development is established through the necessity of two major issues in sustainable development: population and resource consumption. The UN believes that the two things that can jeopardize sustainable development namely over population and excessive use of resources can be remedied with education. (United Nations General Assembly). Female education is found to have a negative relationship with fertility rates. Specifically, the supply of children is determined by the level of education through four intervening variables: (1) age at marriage, (2) breast feeding (3) post-partum abstinence and (4) child mortality (Akmam). A study in South Asia revealed that women with education around two to five years later than uneducated women (John Cleland). With regard to child mortality, "high rates of child mortality reduce the supply of children, which in turn is likely to increase the demand for children" (Akmam). Since educated parents have higher rates of their child surviving, they do not see the need to have more children thus abating population increase (Akmam).

Buddha was a religious innovator Essay Example for Free

Buddha was a religious innovator Essay In my opinion, Buddha was a religious innovator- since he went against all other prominent religious beliefs of the time in declaring that there was no soul- no permanent self (anatta). I will be discussing whether Buddha was indeed a religious innovator, the ideas he has taken from other religions and entirely original, new concepts he created. He disagreed with many other popular religious practices, for example sacrifices- around which the Vedic religion (which was popular around Buddhas time) revolved. He did so for many reasons, the main being Buddhists dont believe in a God- no God would mean sacrificing an animal would be wasteful and pointless. Another reason he disagreed with this would be that hurting the animal would be against the eightfold path since harming the animal unnecessarily would not be a right action it would also be an example of not showing the right mindfulness since if we were aware of the animals pain and suffering then we wouldnt be sacrificing the animal. Many Buddhists choose to be vegetarian as hurting animals creates bad karma due to the above. Buddhas main difference in opinion to ideas of the time would be that the Buddhist Dharma (or teaching) says that we have no soul or no permanent self, this is called Anatta. Buddhists believe that because we are made up of five Skandhas- (Form, sensations, perceptions, mental formation and consciousness) that are constantly changing, we have no permanent self. Buddhism was the first religion to say that we have no soul. The Jains and Shramanas (both prominent religions of Buddhas time) both taught that the atman (or soul) is reincarnated time after time until Moksha, where the soul returns to God (or Brahmin in some cases.) In Buddhism, Buddha taught that it is not our atman that is reborn, but our karma. For example- a candle lighting another candle, it is the heat from the first candle that lights the second- no part of the first candle is passed along to the second. Buddhists believe this, but with karma instead of heat- that is, they believe it is our karma that causes rebirth time after time. Buddha also made it clear that equality was an important part of Buddhism since we could be reborn as anything- poor man or a king- we are all the same. This was innovative since in Eastern Europe there was great emphasis on the social division called the caste system, which was present in the Vedic religion and very rigid. This meant that many of the lower classes and poorer people could not take part and so were cut off from the religion. However, Buddha did take ideas from the ideas of karma, but changed them slightly. For example, the Jains believed that karma was a sticky substance which floated above their heads preventing them from escaping rebirth, whereas Buddhists might perceive karma as a force which governs balance- for example if youre a bad, mean, rich person in this life, you might come back as a poor beggar who lives a miserable life. Another Jain idea that Buddha imitated was that of Ahisma or non-violence. Buddhists believe violence is wrong because of parts of the eightfold path, such as right action. This was the Jains main teaching- they were the first to become vegetarians- many Buddhists choose to become vegetarians too. Having considered both points of view, I still believe that Buddha was a great religious innovator simply due to the fact that most of his teachings and ideas had not been heard before.

Developing Wireless Communications to Space Essay example -- Science O

A big potential problem in the future is developing a wireless communications network in outer space. In this paper we will discuss the problems presented with this and the potential solutions to these problems using existing and some futuristic technology. We have broke this into two main parts, one being earth to satellite to planet and back, and the other being planetary ground transmission to and from astronauts to rovers to space stations. The solution has already started being implemented and will continue rapidly into the near future. It is called the Interplanetary Internet. As of now it is an array of floating 'nodes' or satellites scattered around in space that can communicate with each other. In the future a backbone of satellites is envisioned with their own high speed protocols. There will also be large antennas on earth and possible other planets hundreds of feet high, amplifiers scattered throughout space, photovoltaic powered satellites, and high precision equipment on multiple planet surfaces. The architectural concept to this is deceivingly simple. The first part is developing Internet protocols to form local networks in quiet environments with little delay. This could be done with free flying spacecraft here on earth or another planet. The second part is to develop a deep space structure of satellites interconnecting LANs. This includes multiple space based data relay satellites. The third part is implementing a new overlay a new protocol concept called bundling to tie together the Internets. This is based on a routing concept in which multiple messages will be bundled and sent through a series of Internets. The problem with this is not the same as here on earth. Here it is billi... ...face devices completed the elements of the hardware setup. (NASA Takes..) In conclusion the improvements to the current inter-planet system of communication involves increasing the number of nodes in space, development of peer to peer hardware nodes and improvement of protocols to deal with long delays and interference. Works Cited NASA Takes the Internet into Space. 13 Dec 2003. TechNewsWorld. 10 April 2007. . Mars Wants Wi-Fi!. 15 Jan 2004. Wi-Fi Planet. 10 April 2007. . NASA tests WiFi mesh networks. 22 March 2004. GCN. 10 April 2007. . NMSU researchers helping NASA develop systems to transmit data from Mars. 14 Oct 2004. SpaceRef. 10 April 2007. .

An Analysis of the Poem A Prayer for My Daughter by William Butler Yeat

"A Prayer for My Daughter" is a poem written by William Butler Yeats in 1919. This poem is a prayer-like poem. And it generally tells about the poet's ideas about his daughter who is sleeping at the same time while the poem is being told. Throughout the poem Yeats reflects how he wants his daughter's future to be. This essay will analyze the poem in three sections: 1- What does this poem mean?, 2- The poetic devices, imagery, rhyming, figures of speech, used in the poem and mood, diction, language, and the structure of the poem, 3- An essay in a feminist point of view titled "What does the poet want his daughter to become?" . 1-WHAT DOES THIS POEM MEAN? The poet is watching his infant daughter sleep. In the first stanza he starts with describing the setting of the poem. It is stormy outside, there is a kind of dark and gloomy weather and he prays for her. And he says that he has gloom in his mind and we will understand that what gloom is that in his mind. In the second stanza the poet describes the things while he was praying for his daughter. He walks for an hour and notices the "sea-wind scream upon the tower", "under the arches of the bridge", "in the elms above the flooded stream." They probably represent the dreaming of the human beings and they are decisive. They are all about the present things and they block people from thinking about the future events. The last four lines of the second stanza clearly explain this idea: "Imagining in excited reverie That the future years had come, Dancing to a frenzied drum, Out of the murderous innocence of the sea." In the third stanza he prays for her beauty, but not too much. He considers the beauty as a decisive element for choosing the right person to ma... ... parts of the ideal woman he has in his mind or its opposites. He supports that a woman should be "a flourishing hidden tree", who is not well-known but beautiful. She shouldn't be anything but "merry." " Innocence" is beautiful in women, that's why if his daughter keeps her innocence inside and do not abuse it, she will not be affected by the "wind." He thinks that too much beauty distorts women, and causes them to destroy the gifts that are given by "Horn of Plenty" thus he wants his daughter to use the gifts wisely and properly. And he wants his daughter to learn the fact that "hearts are earned", and the men, who are deceived by just beauty, will notice their mistake later. He wants her daughter not to have strong opinions like hatred, because he thinks that hatred is the worst thing in the world. He hopes she will marry, and her house will be full of customs.

Job Redesign and Workplace Rewards Assessment Essay

Companies face monstrous difficulties in pulling in and holding an excellent and profitable workforce. Organizations are persistently searching for better approaches to keep their representatives fulfilled at all levels to bridle more noteworthy benefit and plans from individuals while keeping them spurred and euphoric. One true test inspected prior is the need to convert General Motors to be a considerably more beneficial and completely used association by examining the hourly workforce. This is an incredible change from the conventional â€Å"us versus them† mindset of the past between administration and the union. A few departments are connected to Job Redesign and Workplace Rewards Assessment. Among these offices is the human resource department. The position’s present significant parts, tasks, or responsibilities Human Resource Department (or HRD for short) includes the anticipating, advancement and administration of human assets. Human Resources Planning Human Resource Planning incorporates the estimation of staff numbers, classes, information, abilities and mentality of faculty obliged both in the prompt and long haul future; the allotment of assets to prepare and pay these staff; the correspondence of this data to mentors and chiefs. It likewise incorporates human assets approach, â€Å"where policy alludes to  explanations made by significant powers planned to guide the designation of assets and exertion†. (Moorman & Pick, undated: 10) HR Planning is basically concerned with future and long haul requirements for faculty, and guaranteeing that these match future wellbeing administration needs. HR Planning is typically completed at national and common levels. Some positions, for example, asset distribution and the determination of the prerequisites for master wellbeing administrations can be fairly carried out just at the focal level of an association or framework (Green, 1992). Notwithstanding, the more an administration is decentralized, the more provincial and locale chiefs may be required to do HR Planning. HR Planning has two fundamental steps: (a) Estimations of supply (or what we have) (b) Estimations of necessities (or what we require). These two steps ought to incorporate both quantitative and qualitative appraisals, and estimations of the abilities obliged and the benefit of present and anticipated personnel. There are diverse systems for assessing supply and prerequisites, for example, the needs-based and administration targets routines. Aptitudes and profit may be measured by techniques, for example, preparing needs evaluation, errand examination and employment outline, nursing workload study, execution assessment, supervision. Human Resources Training and Development Human Resource Training and Development incorporates all parts of the training and preparing of wellbeing work force (both essential and post-fundamental) to meet the prerequisites of the framework. In the writing it is regularly called human asset creation, which is a marginally dehumanizing term, which is really intended to situated it separated from the wide term of human asset improvement. Human Resource Management Human Resource Management (HRM) incorporates the work, maintenance and substitution, backing and advancement of staff. It assumes a urgent part in deciding the profit, and along these lines the scope of the wellbeing administrations framework. Anyone in charge of the administration of individuals in an organization is dependable somehow for HR Management. On the other hand, in bigger, more complex organization, a lot of HR Management will be done by a particular work force division. The Human Resource Department in outline manages the accompanying undertakings Recruitment The achievement of recruiters and vocation pros generally is measured by the amount of positions they fill and the time it takes to fill those positions. Recruiters who work in-house – instead of organizations that give selecting and staffing administrations – assume a key part in creating the boss’ workforce. They publicize job postings, source hopefuls, screen petitioners, and conduct preparatory interviews and direction contracting endeavors with supervisors in charge of making the last choice of applicants. Safety Working environment safety is a paramount element. Under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, bosses have a commitment to give a safe working environment to employees. One of the fundamental capacities of HR is to help work environment safety preparing and keep up governmentally ordered logs for working environment damage and casualty reporting. Also, HR safety and risk experts frequently work nearly with HR benefits pros to deal with the organization’s workers payment issues. Employee Relations In an unionized nature, the employee and work relations capacities of HR may  be joined and handled by a specialist or be totally separate capacities oversaw by two HR pros with particular skill in every territory. Employee relations is the HR discipline concerned with fortifying the executive employee relationship through measuring job satisfaction, employee engagement and determining work environment clash. Work relations capacities may incorporate creating administration reaction to union sorting out battles, arranging aggregate dealing understandings and rendering translations of labor party contract issues. Compensation and Benefits Like employee and work relations, the recompense and benefits capacities of HR frequently could be taken care of by one HR specialist with double ability. On the payment side, the HR capacities incorporate setting recompense structures and assessing aggressive pay practices. A comp and benefits specialist additionally may arrange group wellbeing scope rates with back up plans and direction exercises with the retirement funds reserve manager. Payroll might be a segment of the recompense and benefits area of HR; in any case, much of the time, businesses outsource such regulatory capacities as payroll. Compliance Compliance with work and vocation laws is a vital HR capacity. Rebelliousness can bring about working environment grievances focused around unfair employment practices, perilous working conditions and general dissatisfaction with working conditions that can influence productivity and eventually, profitability. HR staff must be mindful of government and state business laws, for example, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, the Fair Labor Standards Act, the National Labor Relations Act and numerous different tenets and regulations. Training and Development Bosses give employees the essential tools for their prosperity which, by and  large, means giving new employees broad introduction training to help them move into another organizational culture. Numerous HR offices additionally give initiative training and expert improvement. Initiative training may be needed of recently contracted and advertised chiefs and administrators on areas, for example, execution administration and how to handle employee relations matters at the division level. Proficient advancement open doors are for employees searching for special open doors or employees who need to accomplish particular objectives, for example, completing a higher education. Projects, for example, educational cost support and educational cost repayment programs regularly are inside the domain of the HR training and advancement zone. Does the position develop a feeling of intrinsic motivation? Intrinsic and extrinsic sorts of motivation have been generally examined and the understanding of each has prompted extraordinary changes in how organizations run their organizations. It is clear that hourly employees have numerous extraordinary extrinsic inspirations however need intrinsic motivation in their job assignments which is a normal for our work culture. Changing the culture is one of the keys to enhancing motivation at that level of the organization in light of the fact that the best motivation happens when employees perform on the grounds that they need to and not on account of they are, no doubt made to do so. There are numerous sorts of motivation strategies that one can utilize when spurring compensation and to a lesser degree hourly employees. Elements, for example, solid communication, added obligation, accomplishment, recognition and progression are all variables that can persuade employees. Because of the union environment it is hard to spur hourly employees but what dependably works well is giving recognition. Mostly that is carried out by simply thanking employees for making an exceptional showing or providing for them gift testaments to a store or restaurant for a job well done. Current company-wide rewards and their effectiveness towards a motivating behavior The company has depended on exploration discoveries that when you utilize remunerates and disciplines as extrinsic sparks, you have a tendency to get just transient motivation, and short-lived results. On the other hand, when you under-stand the psychological standards that fuel motivation and discover approaches to connect them to your business goals, you can get individuals to much larger amounts of performance than you awhile ago thought possible – and you can manage this superior performance over the long haul. Exploration finds that what makes individuals exceptionally energetic in their work is not the same as what makes them simply fulfilled by their job conditions. It understands the psychological standards of intrinsic motivation are the way to building a culture of full duty. It therefore gives sufficient pay, great benefits, appealing surroundings, a charming manager, and so on, which wind up with fulfilled workers. It additionally gives obligation, recognition, inclusion, and test, and this takes their employees past their minor satisfaction and moves them to more elevated amounts of performance. Goal setting and the effectiveness of the goal system Goal setting with regard to HR position is chiefly used to quicken entrance into developing markets, enhance item quality and realize cost efficiencies The sorts of goals set contain mostly of those that are adapted towards expanded job satisfaction and productivity. This is carried out by considering the expenses and the risks involved. In spite of the ubiquity of goal setting, there is urging proof that paying little mind to great propositions and exertion, individuals and organizations reliably miss the mark regarding accomplishing their goals. As a rule, the issue is credited to the goal setter. Anyway the true issue may be in the adequacy of goal setting itself. In the early 2000’s, General  Motors for instance had set a goal to catch 29% of the American auto market. They even created corporate pins for individuals to wear with the number 29 on them. Doubtlessly they never accomplished that goal, and without a legislature bailout, might not have even survived. References 1. Cameron, Kim S. and Quinn, Robert E. (1999) Diagnosing and Changing Organizational Culture. New York: Addison-Wesley 2. Liker, Jeffrey M. (2004) The Toyota Way: 14 Management Principles From the World’s Greatest Manufacturer. New York: McGraw-Hill 3. O’Reilly, Charles A., III and Pfeffer, Jeffrey (2000) Hidden Value. Harvard Business School Press

What Ive Learned

On July 21, I went to a family barbeque in Rochester, NY. After leaving the barbeque, I was on my way to meet my brothers John and Nick at the local bar to talk and have fun. After we saw our oldest brother John off, Nick and I decided to race down the main street in town. I learned on this day to never race a vehicle around a dangerous curve. While my brother and I exited the parking lot of the bar, he went around me to lead. I followed him until we reached the main street, Peach St.As we approached the street, Nick lined up on the right side of my vehicle and within three seconds we stepped on the gas pedal. While speeding down Peach St. around 80-90mph, I noticed that after we passed the community center. Also, I was now in the lead. Since I had the lead, I attempted to apply my brakes but because I was going too fast they wouldn’t work. Noticing that my brakes weren’t working, I thought about what was going to stop my car in this residential area. At this point, all I could do was keep my foot on the brakes and scream.As I began to scream, I watched as my car went through someone’s living room window and my body hit the steering wheel. After the car went through the living room window, I then got out making sure everyone was alright. Now that everyone was fine, I called the police, and my family. While standing outside my car, I look around and all I see is my car on the porch of the house with glass all over it and the front wheel turned the opposite way. From my speeding, I totaled my car and destroyed someone’s house.Realizing what just happened, I now felt like I was hit back to back by three tractor trailers. This was one of the worst feelings to experience. Because of my dumb decision to speed, I ended up with no car; the family who was enjoying their night was out of a house for a few nights. I was now stuck dealing with a new type of depression. At the end of the day I honestly promised my daughter and myself as well as m y family that I was done with racing unless it was on a real track.

Topic Essay # 93

While I was growing up in Colombia my idea of fun was going outside to the park either with my cousins or friends to play until it got dark and my mom would call me to go back inside the house. Growing up in Colombia is something very different than a kid growing up here in the United States. My afternoons during the week would always have around the same schedule as I would be back home by one in the afternoon, at two thirty I would had already eaten lunch, and by six all my homework would be done meaning that I would be free to go out and play.If I did not have my homework done my mom would not allow me to go out for the day. The complex in which I lived had a few houses owned by my uncles or aunts, so growing up around family was something I always did. I have a few cousins around the same age range so all I had to do was walk down the street knock on their door and ask them to come out and play.For us having fun had a very broad meaning because it could be something like playing hide and seek, making up games as we went, getting dirty in the park, riding our bikes around the complex or to the other end it was sitting down and talking about our life, with the girls we would do each other’s hair while the boys just kicked the ball around, just going into someone’s house and watch a movie, or just lay there in the grass with the summer breeze warming up our skin as we looked to the sky and made shapes out of the clouds. My idea of fun was something I could do every day, at any time and never gets tired of it.Having fun it was a moment in which I could forget about everything and just enjoy my time with those whom were around. Fun did not always meant doing big things or be in expensive places as at the moment my family did not have the resources to do that but within that I learn that it was the little things that would make up a really nice big picture that actually mattered. With the fact that a few places in my complex were owned by members of my family, something I would always look forward to when I was a kid was the fact that wherever I went there would always be food.Every single kid always likes to eat, it doesn’t matter where you get your food as long as you get it you will be happy. Well I loved being able to eat around those whom I love the most and not always having to eat at my house. All my uncles and aunts know how to cook. With my cousins we would try to switch houses as much as possible so we could have different types of meals made by those whom we love. The memory of being able to go outside and play all day until it was dark out and then know that when I was done I could go and eat something delicious is something from my childhood that I would never change.I could have fun for a few hours and then look forward to be in the table eating and chatting around those who mean the world to me. I know that if I had grown up here in the United States, this memory from when I was a kid would not be the sam e as when I moved here everything changed, and being here already for over eight years I can see the difference in how things really go. I am happy that I had my own idea of having fun, and looking forward to something in Colombia and that is truly a blessing for me.

Teenage Bullying Ages 13-18 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Teenage Bullying Ages 13-18 - Essay Example Involvement in teen bullying can, therefore, put a person at risk of developing into a more serious criminal. Effort is thus required to suppress propagation and development of teen bullying (Hile 37). According to the recent 2010 census, the population of Oakland County in Michigan State of the U.S.A was 1,202,362. The number of families residing in the county was 315,175. Of these 13.6% were African American or Black, 0.3% Native Americans,77.3% White, 2.2% of two or more tribes, and 1.0% were of several other race. Of the mixed races, 13% were German, 7.8% Polish, 8.3% Irish, 5.1% Italian, 3.5% Latino or Hispanic, and 7.0% of English ancestry. There was an average density of 564 housing units per square mile making up a total of 527,255 housing units. The Jewish community makes up a population of 72,000 being the 21st largest Jewish community in U.S.A. (Michigan 7-11).Of the 417,115 households, 32.40% were living together with their under 18 years children. The medium income for a household and family respectively was $62,308 and $79,589 according to 2009 estimates above the state and national medium incomes. The county had a per capita income of $32,534. Those below the poverty line lay at 5.50% of the population and 3.80% of families. 6.50% aged 65 years and above and 6.50% under 18 years also lay beneath the poverty line. The mean Oakland County education was at a higher level than both the state and national averages (Michigan 17). Oakland people are a hardworking community as proved by their level of per capita income higher than the national expected per capita income. Population of Oakland County involves in economic activities including farming, manufacturing, business, engineering and teaching. The county harbors the University of Oakland (Michigan 19). There is a transport network of cutting edge technology with high speed trains connecting the cities within

Gangs in America Why are they so out of control Essay - 2

Gangs in America Why are they so out of control - Essay Example Through the advanced technology in the entire United States, drug trafficking has been simplified and even gang recruitment is easier where the activities are mastermind through the use of technology leading to killings and other insecurity issues (Schneider, 1999). The expansion of gangs in the States has also increased in the streets due to the usage of social networking. The use of drugs and drug trafficking is unlawful and it is unethical to the States. To address the problem the federal government together with the Federal Bureau of Investigation should make sure that the advanced technology that is being used by individuals is monitored. Each and every activity that is taking place in United States should be tracked through the use of social media. Gangs are being recruited and expanding in the social media and thus close monitoring of all the activities should be done to ensure all those unethical practices in the States are curbed and eliminated in New York and California States among others. In California, landmark legislation referred to as Juvenile Crime Enforcement was passed in 1996 and Accountability Challenge Grant Program worthy $50 million was started to reduce the crime and prevent young individuals from conducting criminal activities. Young individuals associating themselves with gangs who threat and others cause mass killing in the States has been an ethical issue in entire United States. The young individuals who engage themselves in criminal activities die in many circumstances since they are confronted by the security officers making the youths to be reduced in the society. To curb this unethical issue, it is important for the federal government to fund and implement the program where juvenile rehabilitations centers will be structured where the violent and chronic juvenile offenders will be accommodated. Counseling and other disciplinary acts should be conducted to ensure that

Business Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Environment - Essay Example Other political factors that currently influence business organisations in United Kingdom include government policies, efficiency drives, European Union policies and international policies (Ernst and Young, 2013). Local businesses in the UK are directly affected by European Union policies and legislations. For instance EU Liberalization Policy enacted in 1993 ensures that businesses in UK alongside other EU member states face competition in equal measures as tariffs are not levied to protect local producers in a scenario whereby similar goods are imported from within European Union (Foreign Affairs Select Committee, 2013). The presence of emerging economies such as China provides very competitive force for UK-based organisations (BIS, 2011). This is since the huge economies such as China and India have the capability of producing large quantities of products but at lower costs. Such scenario makes operations very difficult for UK-based competitors within the global market (Jones and Evans, 2013). There is a high level of migration to the UK, resulting to great extent of multiculturalism within organisations. Implementation of internet recruiting has enabled organisations to source expertise from different corners of the world leading to multicultural workforce. This benefits businesses in the UK since they bring into organisations fresh and varying perspectives capable of solving persistent business problems. However, there is a high probability of the existence of misunderstandings based on different cross-cultural beliefs. Such scenario, if not appropriately checked, can bring negative impact on business performances (House of Lords Select Committee on Economic Affairs, 2008). Technological advancements have made it easier for businesses in the UK to make instant contacts with the rest of the world. For instance, quick communication channels and improved transport links have made

Principles of accounting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Principles of accounting - Assignment Example Each journal entry must have a credit and debit of equal amount. There are different ledgers accounts used in an accounting system such as the cash, expense, account receivable, equity, accounts payable, sales, and depreciation account among others. Each account has a normal balance. If the normal account is a debit the account increases through debit and decreases by way of a credit. When the normal account is credit the account increases through a credit and decreases by a debit. The income statement is a very important financial statement that provides information regarding the profitability of a company during an accounting period. All financial statements are prepared at the end of the accounting cycle. There a certain journal entries that affect only the income statement. An example of a journal entry that affects the income statement is recording a cash sale. For instance if the business makes a sale and the customer pays by cash the corresponding journal entry is a debit to c ash and a credit to sales. Based on the assumption that the normal balance of cash is debit this transaction increases the cash account of the company because the firm received money. The balance sheet is another major financial statement that is regarded as a statement of position.

Creating a Social Program Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Creating a Social Program - Term Paper Example Mentally ill persons in criminal justice system: Most of the mentally ill people are held in jail because they pose a good amount of threat to the people and to themselves. Previously the treatment incorporated insulin induced comas, freezing baths and shock treatment but in the late 1950’s the entire psychological fitness scene changed with the innovation and expansion of anti-psychotic treatment options. Mostly the offenders with the psychological illness do not get any sort of medications or special treatment during imprisonment. As a result of this lack of treatment facilities the conditions can get worse. The offenders may become a serious threat to the society or to themselves when they leave the jail. Therefore within the legal justice structure, the psychological health cases continue to be a serious challenge (Tracy, 2009) Treatment with mentally ill people: Sometimes the law enforcing people are not aware of the problem so the mentally ill people are kept with the no rmal prisoners but if diagnosed the mentally ill people in jails are not treated very well, as there is restriction with their movement in the jails, not allowed to meet people, less or almost no recreational activities etc. For apparent reasons, they are not provided with the televisions in their cells. The security concerns make it near to impossible for the correctional care takes and officials to take them to the fitness and exercise patio. These people are only allowed for 15 to 20 minutes to go out of their cells and provided them with the opportunity to have shower. Even this activity is also monitored. Usually the officers who are responsible for the security of these mentally ill people are not trained very properly so sometimes in odd situations they are not able to understand about how to deal with the particular situation and the consequences could be severe (James & Glaze, 2006). Aims: Our main aim is to propose and apply collaborative efforts among unlawful justice and psychological fitness systems. The program’s objective is to make improvement in the access system and to provide efficient handling for people with psychological problems concerned with the justice structure. The aim can be achieved through proper arrest, society based management, court appearances etc. It has been expected that almost one third or up to half of the imprisonments can be avoided if the mentally sick people are sent to proper places rather than taking them into the jails. A huge amount of money can be saved by simple changes in the system. It is proposed that if specialized training is provided to the officers most volatile situations can be avoided. Based on the guidance the officer will be able to distinguish between the normal and mentally ill people. He will use the techniques and methods which have been developed during the training period and as a result there will be a non violent ending of the faced encounter. Timeline: The timeline for the given proj ect is three years. Each year the program will be thoroughly evaluated for excellence. Policy Elements: 1. The police stations of few specific areas will be taken as subjects and special Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) training will be provided to all the correctional officers who deal with such mentally ill people in jails. The training will be provided only to the officers who come in direct contact with the patients and not the other staff. 2. There are some police

U101 TMA11 Design Thinking Essay Example for Free

U101 TMA11 Design Thinking Essay Being a sole trader. I started my company as I had a passion for creating and designing. It gives me the opportunity to nurture my creativity as well as allow me personal and financial independence. I first realised I enjoyed creating and designing when I was at school and this is still true. When the time came to look for work I instantly knew what I wanted to do. I built the entire business myself. I designed and built the website, I created my customer base, I created the designs, I marketed the products and the list goes on. The second role is one that I find incredibly rewarding, and that is being a Mother to my son Charlie. I love him unconditionally and being a mother means so much more to me than I could have ever imagined. I found that being a parent is so much more though, I have to nurture him both emotionally, physically and on an intellectual level. This role ensures that there is never a dull moment in my life. Every day means that my life embarks on a new challenge. Question 1B From carrying out the learning styles questionnaire I have learnt that I need to do the following: I need to create a study plan that will suit my learning style. So I will ensure that I set it up so I study for shorter periods. I need to ensure that I read everything correctly and brainstorm prior to answering questions. I must make sure that I double check my work afterwards and proof read all assignments. Question 2B The learning situation I have chosen is learning to design an invitation to a wedding. I feel that this most suits me as I face this situation on a regular basis. When faced with the decision of creating wedding stationery I first look into the different styles of invitations there are, for example; greeting card style, plain flat styled, chequebook or layered style etc. Further to this, potential suppliers need to be researched in depth so as to find reliable and good quality products. Another valid, if not vital topic that needs to be looked into is how you would print the invitations. You can use an inkjet printer; however this would not give a good quality finish. A laser printer; would provide a good quality finish, however, the cost would increase. There are more extravagant routes for printing designs; thermography, engraving and finally letterpress. These would be a very expensive and time consuming option however; it is these types of printing are becoming increasingly popular in this day and age. Therefore I would have to discuss with the customer(s) what they would want in order to choose the right printing process. I would then look into what customer(s) are looking to gain from their invitation, so if they are having a formal or informal wedding we would look into the style of wording that needs to be chosen in order to suit this. Further to all of this information a rough mood board would be created of materials (card, ribbons and various other textured materials) to show the customer(s) their options so they can decide what would best suited for her wedding. A customer may have a themed wedding or colour scheme too. For example if a customer was to have a vintage themed wedding they may use colours like; nude, champagne, peach, pinks, creams and ivory. These suggestions and ideas would have to be input into the design. The customer(s) may wish for the invitation to have depth to it so they may ask for embellishments, like pearls etc. Once all these steps have been carried out I would then proceed to designing an electronic proof (a mock-up) where customer(s) can see design ideas without materials being wasted if they do not like the design. If the customer(s) do like the design then we would proceed to creating an actual full scale sample. This sample would then be sent out to the customers directly so that they can review that all information is how they would want it to appear etc. Once a design had been finalised then the process of producing items in bulk would commence. A Question 2C After looking into my results I have reflected on my learning style. I feel that I think logically at learning tasks. I like to have everything laid out and research into what I can achieve. This style suits me well as I am very inquisitive and further myself by looking into subjects in depth. The learning style question I feel is accurate in some sense I do not prefer to get things done quickly sometimes I feel that I enjoy taking my time. Question 2d As I embark on studying U101 I am sure that I will certainly gain a lot of experience and acquire the knowledge to further myself in future studies. I feel that I may learn different techniques and ideas from working when working in a group. Things that may require further development are learning how to layout assignments in a professional manner, as well as wording them so they are suitable for academic use. Another area that I may show weakness in would be getting myself organised. Understanding what is needed to be done and then making effective and efficient steps in order to complete the task(s)

Teenage Pregnancy And Social Exclusion Social Work Essay

Teenage Pregnancy And Social Exclusion Social Work Essay The aim of this study or discussion is to analyse and discuss the impact of the labour government policy on teenage pregnancy and social exclusion in the United Kingdom, to what extent has the policy achieved its aims and objectives and if the objectives have not been met, why and how it may be improved, what are its shortcomings and constraints in the implementation process or if the policy itself was not well put together. Barry (2002) argues that social exclusion occurs when individuals or groups are not given the opportunity to participate in society, whether or not they desire to participate. The British Government in 2001 defined social exclusion as a shorthand term for what can happen when people or areas suffer from a combination of linked problems such as unemployment, poor skills, low incomes, poor housing, high crime, bad health and family breakdown.(Cabinet Office, 2001) Burchardt, Le Grand and Piachaud, (2002) identify consumption (the capacity to purchase goods and services, including health services), production (taking part in economically or socially valuable activities including voluntary work), political interaction or participation (involvement in local or national decision-making) and social interactions (integration with family, friends and the wider community) as the four key elements of social participation. These elements individually can represent an outcome measure for social exclusion or inclusion. Teenage pregnancy is a risk factor for social exclusion. Social disadvantage refers to a range of social and economic difficulties an individual can face such as unemployment, poverty, and discrimination and is distributed unequally on the basis of socio-demographic characteristics such as ethnicity, socioeconomic position, educational level, and place of residence (Wellings and Kane, 1999). Social exclusion can happen to anybody but is more prevalent among young people in care, young people not in school and among teenagers growing up in low income households , or those growing up with family conflicts and people from some minority ethnic communities are disproportionately at risk of social exclusion. people are also most vulnerable at periods such as leaving home, care or education. Teenage birth rates in the UK are the highest in Western Europe and pregnancy among girls under sixteen years of age in England and Wales have increased since 2006, more than four in ten girls still get pregnant before the age of twenty. Two-thirds of all students have sex before graduating from school and are exposed to pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. (ONS, 2009). Social exclusion Unit (2001) in their report to cabinet said that In England, there are nearly 90,000 conceptions a year to teenagers; around 7,700 to girls under 16 and 2,200 to girls aged 14 or under. Roughly three-fifths of conceptions 56,000 result in live births. Although more than two-thirds of under 16s do not have sex and most teenage girls reach their twenties without getting pregnant, the UK has teenage birth rates which are twice as high as in Germany, three times as high as in France and six times as high as in the Netherlands. Teens that get pregnant are less likely to complete their education therefore risks making their future worse. They are more likely to be single parents and are more likely to contract sexually transmitted diseases including HIV. Every year there are new entrants into teenage world. The risk factors that affect early teenage pregnancies are economic disadvantages, peer pressure, emotional distress, sexual beliefs, attitude and skills, family structure, community disadvantages, sexual risk taking and poor contraceptive use. (Kirby, 2007). The main policy initiatives (750) New Labour (1997) introduced policies that aim to reduce young peoples risks of low educational attainment, poor or no job prospects, criminality and offending, teenage pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Tony Blair (PM, 2001) in a foreword to the Report by the Social Exclusion Unit on Preventing Social exclusion said Preventing exclusion where we can, reintegrating those who have become excluded, and investing in basic minimum standards for all and we have worked in a new way developing partnerships around common goals with the public services, communities and charities, businesses and church organisations that have been struggling with the causes and symptoms of poverty for so long. The policy used risk management approaches as a way of reducing risks of teenage pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases amongst young people by using strategies that gives the individual choices , responsibilities and make them part of the solution. New Labours policies on teenage pregnancy centres around teenage pregnancy and sexuality using Knowledge Acquisition, Shifting Blame and Constituting Knowing Active Welfare Citizens as strategic Risk Management options. The New Labour government set up a Teenage Pregnancy Strategy overseen by the Teenage Pregnancy Unit and the strategy centres on reducing the rate of teenage conceptions, with the specific aim of halving the rate of conceptions among under 18s by 2010. Getting more teenage parents into education, training or employment, to reduce their risk of long term social exclusion. The Social Exclusion Unit was setup by the New Labour government to co-ordinate policy-making issues like school exclusion and truancy, rough sleeping, teenage pregnancy, youth at risk and deprived neighbourhoods through, preventing social exclusion happening in the first place by reducing the numbers who go through experiences that put them at risk or targeting action to compensate for the impact of these experiences , reintegrating those who become excluded back into society, by providing clear ways back for those who have lost their job or their housing, and missed out on learning and getting the basics right by delivering basic minimum standards to everyone in health, education, in-work income, employment and tackling crime. Critically analyse policies-SID,RED,MUD Critical analysis of the Policy, (2000) Action to prevent social exclusion is delivering results: the proportion of children in homes where no-one is in work has fallen from 17.9 per cent in 1997 to 15.1 per cent in 2001; over 100,000 children are benefiting from the Sure Start programme to ensure they are ready to learn by the time they reach primary school; school exclusions have fallen by 18 per cent between 1997 and 1999; under-18 conception rates have fallen in four out of the last five quarters; more 16-18 year olds are staying on in education; the Care Leavers strategy has been introduced; the Rough Sleepers Unit is piloting new approaches to end the fast track to homelessness from prison and the Armed Forces; Summary Stakeholder Pensions will help moderate earners build up better pension entitlements from this April. Some 18 million people stand to gain from the State Second Pension, providing more support than under the State Earnings Related Pension Scheme (SERPS) for modest and low paid workers, and for carers and the disabled; and the personal tax and benefit measures introduced over this Parliament mean that by October 2001, a single-earner family on half average earnings and with two young children will be  £3,000 a year better off in real terms compared with 1997. Families with someone in full-time work will have a guaranteed minimum income of at least  £225 a week,  £11,700 a year. And families with children in the poorest fifth of the population will on average be  £1,700 a year or around 15 per cent better off. And programmes to reintegrate people who have become excluded are recording successes: since 1997 more than 270,000 young unemployed people have moved into work through the New Deal for Young People; over 6,000 people have found work through the New Deal for Disabled People and over 75,000 people had found work between October 1998 and December 2000 through the New Deal for Lone Parents; all Local Education Authorities (LEAs) have increased provision for excluded pupils, a third already do so, and two-thirds plan to offer them full-time education in 2001; between June 1998 and June 2000, the number of rough sleepers fell by 36 per cent; and the proportion of teenage parents in education, employment or training has increased from 16 to 31 per cent between 1997 and 2000. And changes in basic public and private services are focusing improvements on the poorest: higher standards than ever before in Key Stage 2 English and maths with a ten and 13 percentage point improvement in each subject respectively between 1998 and 2000; 44 Local Education Authorities (LEAs) in the 88 most deprived areas2 improved their Key Stage 2 maths results by 14 per cent or more between 1998 and 2000. The most improved area was Tower Hamlets, with an increase of 23 per cent; 24 LEAs in deprived areas improved their Key Stage 2 English results by 11 per cent or more over the same period; between 1998 and 2000 children from most minority ethnic communities saw a rise in achievement of GCSEs. This includes an eight percentage point increase in the number of black pupils achieving five or more GCSE grade A*-C, against an average for all pupils of three percentage points; unemployment has fallen faster than the national average in 19 of the 20 highest unemployment areas; the combined effects of Minimum Income Guarantee (MIG), Winter Fuel Payments and free television licences for those aged 75 and over mean that from April 2001 around two million of the poorest pensioner households will be at least  £800 a year better off compared with 1997 a real terms rise in living standards of 17 per cent. together with tax and benefit reforms, the national minimum wage has helped to make work pay and encourage individuals to move from benefits into work; and by the end of 2000, all the high street banks offered a basic bank account available to all. Preventing social exclusion These improvements are a good start. Trends on literacy, school exclusion, post-16 participation and rough sleeping are on track. Incomes for the poorest pensioners and families, and for low-paid workers, have risen substantially. Where programmes have been slow to deliver results, for example on truancy, the Government is intensifying action. But many of the programmes in this document are only in their infancy, and are on course to deliver more substantial results over time. At the same time, policy innovation has been accompanied by new structures and new ways of working within Government. These have created clearer accountability for cross-cutting subjects such as rough sleeping, neighbourhood renewal and youth policy; set the basis for a new relationship of Partnership with groups outside Government; organised services around the needs of the client; and helped people to help themselves Policy can exacerbate and not alleviate Conclusion (500) The 1999 UK governments report on teenage pregnancy concluded that the following were risk factors for pregnancies among teenage girls: socioeconomic disadvantage, having been oneself the child of a teenage parent, poor communication with parents, not being in education, training or work after age 16 years, peer pressure to have sex early, educational problems such as low achievement and truancy, alcohol use, low knowledge about sexual health, and learning about sex from sources other than school However, these conclusions were based on evidence that was rather old or from cross-sectional studies, which are not the best guide to current trends