The Effects of Exercise on Hydration Status of College Athletes - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 507 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/05/28 Category Career Essay Level High school Tags: Should College Athletes Be Paid Essay Did you like this example? With human body mass being made up of about 60% water, proper hydration with exercise is essential (6). According to Mayo Clinic, fluid replenishment before, during, and after exercise is necessary for accurate body performance (6). Pervious research has shown that dehydration of 2% to 3% body mass loss or more is connected with impaired exercise performance and other crucial body functions (4). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Effects of Exercise on Hydration Status of College Athletes" essay for you Create order Dehydration becomes a concern for athletes that are not replenishing water intake when participating in sport specific exercise resulting in excessive sweat loss (6). In addition to impaired exercise performance, an athlete suffering dehydration could experience several symptoms including extreme thirst, dark urine color, fatigue, impaired cognition, difficulty regulating body temperature, and abnormal cardiovascular function (1-8). Hydration status can be determined by analyzing plasma osmolality, urine osmolality, body mass loss, or urine specific gravity (1,2,3,4,5,9). Plasma osmolality is the gold standard for measuring hydration status (2,4). It is measure of concentration of electrolytes and water in the body (2,4,9). Urine osmolality is a less invasive technique for measuring urine concentration of electrolytes and urea (2,9). Urine specific gravity is the measurement of particle density of the urine (9). Body mass loss is a measurement of percent decrease in total body weight, associated with water loss in the following sources (1-5). With college athletes having extensive training schedules, itrs important to understand how to ensure proper hydration (1-5). Therefore, the purpose of this literature review is to determine the effects of exercise on hydration status in college athletes. REFERENCES 1. Castro-Sepulveda M, Cerda-Kohler H, Perez-Luco C, Monsalves M, Andrade DC, Zbinden-Foncea H, B?- ez-San Mart? ­n E, Ram? ­rez-Campillo R. Hydration status after exercise affect resting metabolic rate and heart rate variability. Nutr Hosp. 2014 Dec 17;31(3):1273-7. 2. Sommerfield LM, McAnulty SR, McBride JM, Zwetsloot JJ, Austin MD, Mehlhorn JD, Calhoun MC, Young JO, Haines TL, Utter AC. Validity of urine specific gravity when compared with plasma osmolality as a measure of hydration status in male and female NCAA collegiate athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2016 Aug;30(8):2219-25. 3. Magee PJ, Gallagher AM, McCormack JM. High prevalence of dehydration and inadequate nutritional knowledge among university and club level athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2017 Apr;27(2):158-168. 4. Ungaro CT, Reimel AJ, Nuccio RP, Barnes KA, Pahnke MD, Baker LB. Non-invasive estimation of hydration status changes through tear fluid osmolarity during exercise and post-exercise rehydration. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2015 May;115(5):1165-75. 5. Webb MC, Salandy ST, Beckford SE. Monitoring hydration status pre- and post-training among university athletes using urine color and weight loss indicators. J Am Coll Health. 2016 Aug-Sep;64(6):448-55. 6. Water: how much should you drink every day? [Internet]. Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2017 [cited 2018Nov20]. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/water/art-20044256 7. Dehydration [Internet]. Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2018 [cited 2018Nov20]. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dehydration/symptoms-causes/syc-20354086 8. Popkin BM, DAnci KE, Rosenberg IH. Water, hydration, and health. Nutr Rev. 2010 Aug;68(8):439-58. 9. Osmolality, Urine[Internet]. Mayo Clinic Laboratories. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2006 [cited 2018Nov20]. Available from: https://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/9260

Understand the Process and Experience of Dementia Essay

Understand the Process and experience of Dementia 1.1 Describe a range of causes of dementia syndrome There are several causes of dementia some of them are; a stroke, brain disease, MS, certain medications, shrinkage of the brain, too many opiates over a long period of time and severe alcoholism 1.2 Describe the types of memory impairment commonly experienced by individuals with dementia Dementia can cause the sufferer to experience loss of mental ability, loss of memory, a reduced understanding, and judgement. Dementia can also cause problems with language. 1.3 Explain the way that individual process information with reference to the abilities and limitations of individuals with dementia. In the beginning†¦show more content†¦Also a person with dementia has very poor or no short term memory at all, so when it comes to making descisions the answer may change quite alot because they have poor memory recall they may say yes one minute then say no to the exact same question because they cant remember what was asked before hand. 2.1 Describe the impact of early diagnosis and follow up to diagnosis A proper diagnosis of dementia is essential, in order to rule out other conditions that may have symptoms similar to dementia and that may be treatable, including depression, chest and urinary infections, severe constipation and brain tumours . Also to rule out other possible causes of confusion, such as poor sight or hearing; emotional changes and upsets, such as moving or bereavement; or the side-effects of certain drugs or combinations of drugs. Folllow up diagnosis can enable a patient to access advice, information and support 2.2 Explain the importance of recording possible signs or symptoms of dementia in an individual in line with agreed ways of working Recording the signs or symptoms of dementia can help the sufferer to realize they have the condition and it will be very helpful to set up some activities to assist a person with dementia to understanding their situation, so it is very important to record every observation you notice in a person withShow MoreRelatedUnderstand the Process and Experience of Dementia2230 Words   |  9 PagesUnderstand the process and experience of dementia Understand the neurology of dementia 1.1 Describe a range of causes of dementia syndrome Fixed cognitive impairments are due to a single event. Traumatic brain injury may cause generalized damage to the white matter of the brain or localized damages. 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Marketing Strategy Grand Victorian Hotel

Question: Discuss about theMarketing Strategyfor Grand Victorian Hotel. Answer: Introduction: Any organization that aims to achieve successive growth and long-term sustenance in future, must consider the importance of chalking out an innovative marketing strategy that helps it to distinguish itself from the rival giants of the industry. This report evaluates and critically analyzes the admirable marketing strategy, as adopted by the retail giant Woolworths (Australia), and the grand Victorian hotel of Australia, Regatta Hotel. Both the organizations had succeeded in bringing about innovation that has improved the consumer perception of the brand, and this report will discuss and explain the effectiveness of the marketing strategies adopted by each of the two companies. Description: The marketing strategy of an organization is the implementation of its plans that helps it gain a competitive advantage over the other organization, by promoting a consumer-centric marketing plan. In order to neutralize its competitors, Woolworths has not only improved the core offer, but has also considered innovating the quality of service provided to the consumers. Just like any of its competitors, such as Coles, Woolworths definitely lowered its price, offered ample discounts to the loyal consumer base, but most importantly it has launched virtual stores, in order to facilitate convenient mobile shopping, for the consumers. On the other hand, the Regatta Hotel, as an organization operating in the hospitality industry, was always required to gain the confidence and goodwill of the travelers. Keeping this in consideration, the organization established a strong and effective Website Management System. Although the organization has gained a huge recognition, among the Australians as well as the international visitors, the organization had to ensure, that it does not lag behind, in promotion, as compared to the Hotel Grand Chancellor Brisbane, Hilton Brisbane or ibis Brisbane. As a result of a strong and well-maintained WMS, each employee of the organization is well-aware of the IT skills, necessary for handling the website. The moment any event or social program, is being organized by the hotel, any employee can update the website, informing he consumers about the same. Hence, the marketing and the promotional aspect of the website, can easily be maintained, and looked after by any employee (Chamberlain 201 4). As the Forbes magazine suggests, the web design of an organization is a new, innovative strategy that drives the growth of the organization, and enhances its popularity and recognition among the masses. It should be noted that Site-Ezy system has enabled the organization establish interactive and consumer-friendly sites, that helps the organization engage actively in the promotional and marketing processes (Ajake 2015). Marketing Strategy: Critical Discussion of the Marketing Strategy of Woolworths: The ulterior motive behind the marketing strategy of any organization is to influence the consumers, to avail the service of that organization, by creating a distinguished identity. Woolworths was well aware, that it does encounter a tough competition from some of the most recognized supermarkets of Australia, and hence it decided to disrupt the existent marketing process, followed by every supermarket. Woolworths established its virtual stores in Sydney Town Hall Station and Flinders Street Station, as a result of which the consumers, sitting in any location, could easily gain access to the products and services of the organization (Rajeck 2015). The importance and effectiveness of the strategy, simply lies in the fact that the organization has succeeded in creating a distinguished identity of itself, that seeks to show the very reason, as to why, the consumers should buy the products from Woolworths, instead of other organizations. By launching the virtual stores, the organization has succeeded in capitalizing the customer needs for cost effective and convenient marketing solutions. The Director of Woolworths, Tjeerd Jagen, said that the disruptive innovation was an integral part of the marketing strategy, adopted by the organization. Jagen has rightly claimed that the organization expects that the impact made by this innovative move will be far-reaching and largely beneficial for the future growth of the organization. Brad Banducci, the Director of Woolworths, has claimed that since the other supermarkets of Australia, were also offering the very same goods and similar services, as offered at Woolworths, it was important for the organization to bring about a revolutionary change in the shopping experience of the consumers. Hence, a consumer-centric approach has been taken up by the company. Critical Discussion of the Marketing Strategy of Regatta Hotel: Regatta Hotel, on the other hand, drafted an impressive marketing strategy, whereby it also emphasizes the customer-centric approach, in a different way. The organization operates in the service industry, and hence it becomes imperative for it, to enable the consumers derive a high rate of satisfaction from their service. This is the reason why the organization had decided to make its online presence stronger than before (Ladhari and Michaud 2015). The organization was well aware that the rival giants operating in the same industry, were also employing the use of social media tools, and hence making its virtual presence strong and interesting was a compulsion, if it intends to survive. The digital marketing strategy was indeed an innovative step, formulated and successfully implemented by the company (Issakova 2015). The organization focused on the importance of re-designing its old website, so that the consumers can gain access to the clear and well-written instructions, in an easie r way, or can navigate across the important pages or information. Further, the strategy also ensures high quality of the visual content offered and a responsive website design. In order to enjoy the return on the investment, the management authority of the Regatta Hotel has successfully designed the website in a way that can turn each website visitor into a lead, and finally a sale. Analysis: Analysis of Woolworths Marketing Strategy: The competition is continually heating up in the supermarket industry of Australia, with retail giants such as Coles and Aldi, offering a tough competition to Woolworths. Hence, the establishment of the virtual stores in Australia was nothing short of a disruptive innovator that undoubtedly helped the organization gain competitive advantage over the rival firms. The organization, however, had always introduced interesting marketing strategies, by lowering the price of the products, offering lucrative discounts to the consumers, rewarding and recognizing the loyal consumers, offering a wider range of products (Armstrong et al. 2014). However, the self same strategies were becoming commonplace, and hence it became imperative for the organization to select a strategy, that would enable it to invest in the multi-channel consumer experience (Trollvik 2012). Undoubtedly, the implementation of the virtual store did imply a huge investment, as it implied fresh recruitment as well as provisio n of IT skills to the existent employees. However, his has helped the organization focus on the consumer needs. The management authority had stated that the success of any marketing strategy largely depends on the extent the strategy is consumer-centric. In case of Woolworths virtual shopping strategy, the emphasis is being given on the consideration of the convenience and comfort of the consumers, so that they can gain access to the services, without worrying about visiting the organization in person. The mere installation of the App enables the working consumers buy the wide range of products. Besides, it has also influenced their purchasing behavior, as the consumers tend to order and buy more, as the products they want, are only a click away. Thus, the virtual shopping strategy of Woolworths has proved itself to be an immediate success that is likely to boost the sale and profitability of the company, in the coming years (Perrone et al. 2015). Analysis of Regatta Hotels Marketing Strategy: The Regatta Hotel, on the other hand, has considered the importance of attracting the attention of the consumers, by offering the exact information to the consumers, and allowing them to have a nice experience, while searching about the necessary information about the services offered. The creation and re-design of the existent websites, offers the organization greater recognition among the masses, making its content appealing to the potential clients and customers. The new website divides and categorizes the information of the consumers into clear sections, such as the membership section or the newsletter section (Nevarez and Hyman 2012). Consequently, the organization is able to increase the traffic of the consumers, and retain the clients, as they can gain access to the relevant information (Abdullah et al. 2015). The information such as the nature and kinds of services, and the expenses involved, are provided in a detailed way. As a result of the Site-Ezy features, any employee w orking in the organization, can easily insert pictures, graphs, tables or create important forms and download the same, that helps the entire process much smoother nad effective for implementation (Wang et al. 2015). Conclusion: An organization, in order to maximize its profit, must ensure that it adopts a strategy that helps in improving the recognition of the company, while also boosting its sales. As it is evident from the case studies, both Woolworths as well as Regatta Hotel, have successfully implemented an effective strategy that has influenced the consumer purchasing decision, by helping the companies differentiate themselves from the rival giants. However, with the advent of technology, both the organizations has sought the help of technological tool, that has helped them innovate their marketing strategy, and gain competitive advantage. Reference List: Abdullah, N.H., Patterson, I., Pegg, S. and Abdullah, N.H., 2015. Organisers and Residents Views about the Benefits and Costs: The Case of Monsoon Cup International Sailing Regatta, Australia.International Journal of Sport Management, Recreation and Tourism,17(d), pp.46-66. Ajake, A.O., 2015. Influence of Marketing Strategies on Tourists Choice of Destination Area in Cross River State, Nigeria.American Journal of Tourism Management,4(3), pp.61-76. Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S. and Kotler, P., 2014.Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia Chamberlain, L., 2014. The'Regatta Hotel': A story of triumph over adversity.Queensland History Journal,22(5), p.387. Issakova, A., 2015.Marketing Mix of the Hotel(Doctoral dissertation, Vysok kola hotelov v Praze). Ladhari, R. and Michaud, M., 2015. eWOM effects on hotel booking intentions, attitudes, trust, and website perceptions.International Journal of Hospitality Management,46, pp.36-45. Luna-Nevarez, C. and Hyman, M.R., 2012. Common practices in destination website design.Journal of destination marketing management,1(1), pp.94-106. Perrone, A. and Wodonga, T.A.F.E., 2015. Centralian College: Creating a strategic marketing plan for long-term growth.Marketing, p.85. Rajeck, J. 2015. How Australia's Woolworths delivers the goods on social. 1st ed. [ebook] Sydney. Available at: https://econsultancy.com/blog/66990-how-australia-s-woolworths-delivers-the-goods-on-social/ [Accessed 2 Dec. 2016]. Trollvik, B.E., 2012. Utilizing Distributed Multimedia Plays for Networked Virtual Shopping. Wang, L., Law, R., Guillet, B.D., Hung, K. and Fong, D.K.C., 2015. Impact of hotel website quality on online booking intentions: eTrust as a mediator.International Journal of Hospitality Management,47, pp.108-115.

United States History Essays - Monopoly, Economic Liberalism

United States History "From 1790 to the 1870's, state and national governments intervened in the American economy mainly to aid private economic interests and promote economic growth. Between 1890 and 1929, however, government intervention was designed primarily to curb and regulate private economic activity in the public interest." Assess the validity of this statement, discussing for each of these periods at least TWO major areas of public economic policy. The statement is essentially true, in the time of 1790 to 1870's private business was at its peak, government and state did little to control or usually was in favor of big business. Laissez-faire was the common policy towards regulations and business dealings in general. However form 1890 and 1929 the attitudes changed, more people were concerned with the well being or the people, concerned with the ever growing power of big businesses; government and state started to regulate them in the very ways that the previous time period. I. 1790-1870 a. regulation 1. many businesses were free to do as they pleased i. Carnegie Steel ii. RR 2. monopolies were established i. multimillion dollar industries were formed a. Standard Oil b. Carnegie Steel ii. little done to regulate these "big businesses" a. not until Sherman Anti-trust Act was there an attempt made to regulate monopolies 1. even that didn't have teeth 3. with the monopolies prices can be fixed, nothing was done to stop this until the late 1800's 4. laissez-faire policies were favored at the time b. business in general 1. conducted in the way the top 1% saw fit i. Andrew Carnegie ii. John D. Rockefeller iii. J.P. Morgan 2. big business prospered while the small business owners were left to the mercy of the big guys 3. economy was based on the few people that had all the money i. this resulted in many poor, few rich ii. yet again government/state didn't do a thing till after the late 1800's 4. strikes and unions illegal at the time II. 1890 - 1929 a. regulation 1. Acts begin to show their teeth i. Sherman Anti-Trust Act ii. Interstate Commerce Act 2. Monopolies started to be broken up i. "Trust Busters" a. Teddy Roosevelt b. Woodrow Wilson ii. regulation of business more strict 3. People start to realize the evils of a laissez-faire economy i. no one but big business would profit 4. old styles of thing are soon taken over by a new thinking i. all people are important ii. economy which was mainly directed towards the few wealth was now being directed towards the majority, not the minority b. business in General 1. unions legal i. AFL 2. per capita income rose from $450 to $567 3. even presidents view changed with the election of Roosevelt i. " President was steward of the people" ii. Hepburn Act a. regulated RR b. moved to rid laissez-faire 4. Corrupt business tactics reformed i. Pure Food and Drug Act a. to control the unscrupulous tactics of the big businesses and to help the conditions of life. 5. important people are more concerned with the poverty of the country i. presidents a. Taft b. Wilson ii. some rich iii. writers 6. policies changed towards rich being all important to a more conscious moralistic view of the people being important In conclusion I believe that the economic policies during 1790 to 1870 were in fact set up to aid private interests of the few wealthy in the U.S. because of the ever prevalent growing wealth in individuals such as Rockefeller and Carnegie. Monopolies and securities grew without restraint in this time period. Things fundamental to the peoples needs were neglected, such as unions and price regulations Whereas in the 1890 to 1929 policies and views were shifted to a more central focus on the public interests and monopolies were starting to be toppled by "trust busters" and laws and regulations set against them such as the Sherman Anti-trust act and the Interstate Commerce Act which were first made effective with president Roosevelt.